pamukkale

arif solak, on April 17, 2008, said:

Traverten çok yönlü, çeşitli nedenlere ve ortamlara bağlı, kimyasal reaksiyon sonucu çökelme ile oluşan bir kayadır. Pamukkale termal kaynağını meydana getiren jeolojik olaylar geniş bir bölgeyi etkilemiştir. Bu bölgede sıcaklıkları 35-100 C arasında değişen 17 sıcak su alanı bulunmaktadır. Pamukkale termal kaynağı, bölgesel potansiyel içindeki bir ünitedir. Kaynak, antik dönemlerden beri kullanılmaktadır. Termal su kaynaktan çıktıktan son ra, 320m uzunluğunda bir kanal ile traverten başına gelmekte ve buradan, 60-70m.lik kısmi çökelmenin olduğu traverten katkatlarına dökülmekte ve ortalama 240-300m. yol kat etmektedir. Kaynaktan çıkan 35.6 Co sıcaklğında,içinde yüksek miktarda Kalsiyum Hidro Karbonat bulunan suyun havadaki oksijen ile olan teması sırasında Karbondioksit ve Karbonmonoksit uçarak,kalsiyum karbonat çökelmekte ve traverten oluşumuna sebep olmaktadır.Çökelti ilk etapta jel halindedir.Reaksiyon kimyasal olarak; Ca(HCO3)+O2 à CaCO+CO2+CO+H2O şeklindedir. Katkat havuzcuklarında ve katkat seddelerinde, çökelmekte olan kalsiyum karbonat, başlangıçta yumuşak bir jel halindedir.

arif solak, on April 17, 2008, said:

TRAVERTINES

The sources of thermal wa ter for Pamukkale are about 20 km from Denizli. The ancient city of Hierapolis is also located in the same place. The water comes from underground karstic caverns and creates the cascades through precipitation of CaCO3 (calcium bicarbonate ) as the CO2 (carbon dioxide) evaporates.

Thermal spring water is beneficial for myocardium and cardiac complaints.The curative value of this thermal spring was understood in ancient times as well. It has been used for centuries. During the Roman Era religious ceremonies and festivals were held at the thermal pools, and important statesmen and rich people came to Hierapolis to be cured. Religious functionaries and ancient physicians administered healing.

The spring waters are rich in calcium, magnesium sulfate, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide. They also have a radioactive content of 1,537 picocuries/liter. The pH is 6.0.

Travertine is a kind of rock which is formed as calcium bicarbonate precipitates out of hot spring water. It may be formed in many ways under different atmospheric conditions. Geological activity of the past affected a large area in which the Pamukkale thermal springs are found. There are 17 thermal sources in this special area with temperatures ranging between 35-100°C. The source of Pamukkale is only one unit of that whole area. The thermal water flows to the top of the cascades by a 320-meter-long channel and then flows on the cascades about 240-300 m. CaCO3 begins to precipitate on the cascades as the carbon dioxide evaporates, but in the beginning the precipitate is soft like gel. It needs time to completely dry and harden. In order to protect the cascades from destruction and to preserve their natural beauty, entrance to the travertine area has been prohibited since 15 May 1997. .

Weather conditions, the temperature of the water, and sufficient time for water tospread and flow are very important for the maintenance of white travertines. Precipitation goes on until the levels of carbon dioxide in the thermal water and the surrounding air are balanced. While the quantity of CO2 is 725 mg/l in the source, it is only 125 mg/l at the end of the travertines. Calcium bicarbonate also decreases from 1200 mg/l to 400 mg/l, and calcium decreases from 576 to 8 mg/l. Analysis indicates that 499.9 mg of CaCO3 precipitates per liter of thermal water over the cascades. The average density of the thermal water is 1.48 g/cm3 with a flow rate of 466.2 liters/second. That means 43,191 grams of calcium bicarbonate precipitate from the thermal water per day. Theoretically, that can whiten a 13,584 m2 area. However, whitening a 13,584 m2 area is practically very difficult. The whole travertine area currently covers 22,000 m2.

There is an area called ''Domuz Çukuru'' which is about 3000 m2 on an old street which used to be connected to Pamukkale Town. It is free for tourists.

Ions: Potassium (K) 13.5 mg, Sodium (Na) 332.3 mg, Calcium (Ca) 464.5 mg, Magnesium (Mg) 911 mg, Iron (Fe) 0.036 mg, Aluminum (Al) 2.34 mg.

Anions: Chlorinate (CL) 53, Nitrate (NO3), Sulfate (SO4) 675.5, Hydro phosphate (HPO4) 1.08, Hydro Carbonate (HCO3) 1045.3.

arif solak, on April 18, 2008, said:

Pamukkale Legend: The story of the Woodcutter's daughter has been told for ages. Many years ago there was a poor woodcutter family who were living on the slopes of Çökelez Mountain. They had a daughter who was so ugly that the mothers who had sons turned away if they saw her. She didn't care so much about her poverty, but her ugliness made her very upset. One day she fell off the top of the hill into a cavity. She had fallen into the travertine pool that was full of thermal water and mud. She lied in the thermal water unconscious for a long time. During that time the water made her very beautiful. The son of the Denizli Governor saw this beautiful girl lying hurt in the water. He decided to take her to his house by horse. He loved her and they got married. Women began to come to the hot spring to become more beautiful after that time.

arif solak, on April 22, 2008, said:

Pamukkale, meaning "cotton castle" in Turkish, is a natural site and attraction in south-western Turkey in the Denizli Province. Pamukkale is located in Turkey's Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which enjoys a temperate climate over the greater part of the year.

The ancient city of Hierapolis was built on top of the white "castle" which is in total about 2700 meters long and 160m high. It can be seen from a great distance, eg. when driving down the hills on the opposite side of the valley to the town of Denizli, which is 20 km away.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamukkale

my pamukkale photos galaria http://www.panoramio.com/user/1249014/tags/pamukkale

Reni & Krisz, on April 23, 2008, said:

The information about the thermal water of Pamukkale and the legend are very interesting and useful. It was a good idea to copy them here.

I thought, that I will be able to have a bath in Pamukkale some time...But now I am afraid I have to give it up... Is it 100%, that Pamukkale is closed for tourists??

Cinthia & ....., on April 29, 2008, said:

I have my translation from English into Italian of Pamukkale legend

La leggenda di Pamukkale:

La storia della figlia del Taglialegna viene raccontata da molti anni. Molti anni fa una povera famiglia di taglialegna viveva sui pendii della montagna di Çökelez. Essi avevano una figlia talmente sgradevole di aspetto, che le altre madri scappavano come la vedevano. Lei non era preoccupata per la sua povertà, ma la sua bruttezza, quella la turbava molto. Un giorno mentre era in cima alla collina, cadde in una cavità. Essa cadde nello stagno di travertino che era pieno di acqua e di fango termale. Giacque a lungo, in stato di incoscienza, nell'acqua termale. Durante quel tempo l'acqua la rese bellissima. Il figlio del Governatore di Denizli vide quella bellissima ragazza che giaceva nell’acqua. Egli decise di portarla a casa sua, a cavallo. La amava e si sposarono. Da quel momento le donne cominciarono a arrivare alla fonte termale per poter diventare più belle!

It's a beautiful legend ... I must go to Pamukkale, it's absolutely indispensable!!!

Bye

Cinthia

KasiaD, on November 9, 2008, said:

What a wonderful place. Thank you for sharing so much background. Great fairytale too. Kasia

arif solak, on November 12, 2008, said:

thanks kasia

kobax, on November 16, 2008, said:

Thanks for your detailed explanation, as our natives are fond of spring, too.

giors57, on November 24, 2008, said:

Nice shot!Arif e grazie Cinthia per la bella traduzione!

HIDAYET KILINC, on November 30, 2008, said:

slm arif bey güzel resim

kayalar selçuk, on December 15, 2008, said:

Tebrikler arif bey,güzel yakalamışsınız elinize sağlık,selamlar..

©WebbyHS, on December 23, 2008, said:

Wir wünschen dir arif ein frohes Weihnachtsfest.

Torsten, Simone und Gummibärchen

Frohe Weihnachten

We wish you arif Merry Christmas.

Merry Xmas

Torsten, Simone and Gummibärchen

Paul Destable, on December 24, 2008, said:

Merry Christmas and an happy new year !

Joyeux Noël et meilleurs voeux pour 2009 !

Amical salut de Paris, Paul

arif solak, on December 29, 2008, said:

thanks Webbyhs and paul

v.zsoloo, on December 31, 2008, said:

Very nice shot!!! I wish Happy New Year to you and your family! Greetings from Hungary! Zsoloo

©junebug, on December 31, 2008, said:

Lovely picture of a wonderful and unique place, Arif! Happy New Year to you and your family! Greetings, Anne

arif solak, on January 1, 2009, said:

THANKS ANNE AND ZSOLOO

Peace at home, peace in the world.

ATATÜRK

HAPPY NEW YEARS

LOVE FROM TURKEY

Elemér, on January 1, 2009, said:

Very nice shot!

Elemér

farangas, on January 1, 2009, said:

Nice reflection!

Greetings, Clelia