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Total length : 2800 meters
Width : 858 meters
Tunnel Length on Agra road : 1042 meters
Tunnel length on Jaipur road : 900 meters
Bi-lane tunnel
The lanes have been connected at a point to switch roads in case of emergency
9 jet fans have been installed to curb pollution
Foot paths ion the both lanes have been constructed
Automatic Lighting has been installed, in case one transformer gets idle.
Prithviraj killed mohd.ghauri with his shabdhbhedi baan. After killing mohd.ghauri with his skills of shabdhbhedi baan vidya. Prithviraj and Chand bardai commited suicide.
Dendrocalamus strictus is a bamboo species belonging to the Dendrocalamus genus. The culms (stems) are often solid. Common names include male bamboo, solid bamboo, and Calcutta bamboo. It is a tall, dull green-colored bamboo species, which grows in thickets consisting of a large number of heavily branched, closely growing culms. It reaches a height of 6-18 m. Culms are green covered with white blooms, which become dull green when mature and turn brown on drying. Young shoots are brown in color covered with white blooms. Culms are straight. Branching occurs from the base to midculm. Aerial roots reach up to a few nodes above the ground. Internode length is 20-30 cm, and diameter is 2.5-12 cm. Culm walls are very thick. Nodes are not prominent.
Culm sheaths are green in young, and turn brown when mature, and are cylindrical. The sheath proper is 18-22 cm in length and 10-17 cm wide. Blade length is 3.5-6.5 cm. Auricles are absent. Upper surfaces of the sheath may or may not be covered with brown hairs. Lower surfaces of the sheath are not hairy. Sheaths fall early.They are used for making house frames, rafters, tent poles, concrete reinforcement, walls, scaffolding, and fences. The leaves are used for thatching. Used by the British army in India for making lance shafts. Pratapgah district is rich in this variety. These photos were taken in my own bugalow's garden....
Nice property created by the Temple Board, located very close to the temple. It is more or less an ideal blend of a fine dharamsala and a 3 star hotel. 2 and 3 beded Rooms are sufficiently huge in size and quite clean like all other mid-range hotels with cable TV AC and hot water facilities. Large Balconies provide a very good view of the town-houses.
By far the greater portion of the district is covered by the basaltic and amygdular lavas which have come to the surface and spread over very vast areas of the then Central India configuration of land at the commencement of the Tertiary or Cenozoic Era, nearly 60 to 100 million years ago. These lavas are spread in the form of horizontal sheets or beds. Because of their tendency to form plateaux and their dominantly basic composition, the lava flows are generally called " Plateau basalts." As these basaltic lava flows cover almost the entire Deccan region and frequently present a step-like or terraced feature on the hills, they are termed as " Deccan basalts " or more commonly the "Deccan traps."
The Deccan traps, as mentioned earlier, cover almost the whole of the district and constitute the innumerable rugged and bold, flat-topped hills, forming extensive plateaux of the entire Western Ghats. They also constitute the small hill ranges in the eastern and central parts of the district. Besides, lava flows also blanket the plains with a soil covering of varied thickness.
A remarkable feature of the traps is their horizontal disposition and considerable lateral extension over a wide area; sometimes a single flow covering nearly 300-400 square miles or even more. In places it also shows slight dip. The traps attain their maximum thickness near Mahabaleshwar and around Helvak amounting nearly 2,000 to 3,500 feet. The individual flows; vary greatly in thickness from a few feet to as much as 120 feet although the average-thickness is about 40 feet. The hills consist of several lava flows of different thinckness. In a single hill a number of lava flows, sometimes as many as 12 to 15 or even more, are seen resting nearly horizontally one above the other and these can be distinguished from a distance by the flow lines. At places these successive lava beds have thin inter-calations of a red ferruginous clay bed called " red bole." Characteristic vertical, prismatic and columnar jointings are commonly observed in the hard and compact basalts. The traps weather in concentric layers giving rise to a soft, greenish grey, friable murum leaving a hard, rounded bouldery core in the centre, known as spheroidal weathering.
Although no sedimentary inter-trappean beds have so far been reported from the district it is likely that such beds will be encountered during future detailed geological investigations. These inter-trappean beds represent the lacustrine or fresh water formations deposited during the interval of time between the outpouring of two successive lava flows and are usually represented by clay or limestone beds and occasionally, sandstones.
Petrologically, the Deccan traps are mainly basalts which are generally uniform in composition and texture. They vary from dark grey to dark greenish grey and brownish to purple in colour, and are hard, compact, tough and medium to fine grained in texture with an average specific gravity of 2.9. This type generally forms the hill and plateau tops. The vesicular and amygdular varieties occupying the lower regions are comparatively soft, like quartz, calcite, varieties of zeolites and amorphous quartz as cavity fillings. Seoreaceous, tuffaceous and breccia beds and volcanic ash are not uncommon among this type of lavas. Porphyritic trap with phenoervsts of felspars is also noticed at places.
The chief mineral constituents of the basalts are labradorite and augite, the two forming the bulk of the rock. Volcanic glass which invariably alters to palagonite, chlorophaeite. etc.. and magnetite and titaniferous iron occur in minor proportions. Olivine is present in certain varieties of trap.
Laterite occurs extensively covering almost all the plateaux of the Western Ghats- and also in the north and central portions of the district. Although laterite is noticed at different elevations there are a few notable exceptions. For instance, north of Helvak the laterite is found at 8,400 feet above sea level while the 4,177 feet high plateau of the Pandavgad fort does not exhibit any laterite formation. Malcolm Peth plateau is no less than 4,710 feel above sea level and is completely capped by laterite.
Laterite rock is ferruginous, hard, massive and generally varies in colour from dark red to yellowish and dark brown to dirty brown. A typical laterite invariably shows a red and yellow mottled appearance exhibiting a vesicular and tubular structure with a dark brown limonitic coating. A freshly cut surface of the laterite bed is usually soft but becomes very hard and tough, on exposure to atmosphere. Most of the laterite beds in the district are categorised as ferruginous laterite or a very low-grade aluminous laterite. These are considered to have been formed by the chemical alteration of the underlyine traps by a process of concentration of iron, alumina and titanium oxides with the leaching out of silica and manganese. At places, as in the Panchgani plateau, the laterite is seen to pass downwards through a zone of lithomarge into an altered trap. The laterite deposits are considered to be sub-recent in geological age.
The laterite covered plateaux which hardly support any vegetation present a very desolate and dreary appearance in the summer months. The slopes or scarps generally support some vegetation. Accumulation of big massive, dislodged masses and blocks of laterite along the slopes and foot of the hills and ridges is a common feature in the Ghat section and at other places. The laterite, ultimately yields a red to reddish-brown ferruginous soil.
Kankar is noticed at different localities in the district, especially, in the areas covered by highly decomposed traps. It usually occurs in dry streams and nala sections or in the soil mantle covering the traps. Such kankar deposits are formed by concentration of the leached out calcareous solutions from the decomposed traps in the form of tabular and rounded nodules, concretions and lumps.
The trappean country is usually characterised by a rich and fertile black soil, generally called as Regur. It is highly argillaceous and somewhat calcareous in composition and very fine grained in texture. The soil is highly plastic when wet and develops numerous deep polygonal cracks on drying. At places, the soil is also loamy. A gradual transition from a highly weathered and decomposed, greyish-green, friable murum to reddish-brown and black soil is frequently seen in the field.
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HEMANT SHESH, IAS (Retd.) is a renowned Indian Poet, Art-Critic, Editor, Painter and a keen Photographer.
- (Dr.M.Sharma, Ph.D.)
Hemant Shesh's conversations
FIRST TUNNEL ROADS IN RAJASTHAN :
FACTS ABOUT THE TUNNEL
Total length : 2800 meters Width : 858 meters Tunnel Length on Agra road : 1042 meters Tunnel length on Jaipur road : 900 meters Bi-lane tunnel The lanes have been connected at a point to switch roads in case of emergency 9 jet fans have been installed to curb pollution Foot paths ion the both lanes have been constructed Automatic Lighting has been installed, in case one transformer gets idle.
Very interesting shot, like, best regards
Prithviraj killed mohd.ghauri with his shabdhbhedi baan. After killing mohd.ghauri with his skills of shabdhbhedi baan vidya. Prithviraj and Chand bardai commited suicide.
good snap
Dendrocalamus strictus is a bamboo species belonging to the Dendrocalamus genus. The culms (stems) are often solid. Common names include male bamboo, solid bamboo, and Calcutta bamboo. It is a tall, dull green-colored bamboo species, which grows in thickets consisting of a large number of heavily branched, closely growing culms. It reaches a height of 6-18 m. Culms are green covered with white blooms, which become dull green when mature and turn brown on drying. Young shoots are brown in color covered with white blooms. Culms are straight. Branching occurs from the base to midculm. Aerial roots reach up to a few nodes above the ground. Internode length is 20-30 cm, and diameter is 2.5-12 cm. Culm walls are very thick. Nodes are not prominent.
Culm sheaths are green in young, and turn brown when mature, and are cylindrical. The sheath proper is 18-22 cm in length and 10-17 cm wide. Blade length is 3.5-6.5 cm. Auricles are absent. Upper surfaces of the sheath may or may not be covered with brown hairs. Lower surfaces of the sheath are not hairy. Sheaths fall early.They are used for making house frames, rafters, tent poles, concrete reinforcement, walls, scaffolding, and fences. The leaves are used for thatching. Used by the British army in India for making lance shafts. Pratapgah district is rich in this variety. These photos were taken in my own bugalow's garden....
Renamed. Thanks.
Dear stepwells You are welcome to use any of my pics including the one under reference. Regards,
Nice property created by the Temple Board, located very close to the temple. It is more or less an ideal blend of a fine dharamsala and a 3 star hotel. 2 and 3 beded Rooms are sufficiently huge in size and quite clean like all other mid-range hotels with cable TV AC and hot water facilities. Large Balconies provide a very good view of the town-houses.
Dhanywad. Kaise ho ap?
By far the greater portion of the district is covered by the basaltic and amygdular lavas which have come to the surface and spread over very vast areas of the then Central India configuration of land at the commencement of the Tertiary or Cenozoic Era, nearly 60 to 100 million years ago. These lavas are spread in the form of horizontal sheets or beds. Because of their tendency to form plateaux and their dominantly basic composition, the lava flows are generally called " Plateau basalts." As these basaltic lava flows cover almost the entire Deccan region and frequently present a step-like or terraced feature on the hills, they are termed as " Deccan basalts " or more commonly the "Deccan traps."
The Deccan traps, as mentioned earlier, cover almost the whole of the district and constitute the innumerable rugged and bold, flat-topped hills, forming extensive plateaux of the entire Western Ghats. They also constitute the small hill ranges in the eastern and central parts of the district. Besides, lava flows also blanket the plains with a soil covering of varied thickness.
A remarkable feature of the traps is their horizontal disposition and considerable lateral extension over a wide area; sometimes a single flow covering nearly 300-400 square miles or even more. In places it also shows slight dip. The traps attain their maximum thickness near Mahabaleshwar and around Helvak amounting nearly 2,000 to 3,500 feet. The individual flows; vary greatly in thickness from a few feet to as much as 120 feet although the average-thickness is about 40 feet. The hills consist of several lava flows of different thinckness. In a single hill a number of lava flows, sometimes as many as 12 to 15 or even more, are seen resting nearly horizontally one above the other and these can be distinguished from a distance by the flow lines. At places these successive lava beds have thin inter-calations of a red ferruginous clay bed called " red bole." Characteristic vertical, prismatic and columnar jointings are commonly observed in the hard and compact basalts. The traps weather in concentric layers giving rise to a soft, greenish grey, friable murum leaving a hard, rounded bouldery core in the centre, known as spheroidal weathering.
Although no sedimentary inter-trappean beds have so far been reported from the district it is likely that such beds will be encountered during future detailed geological investigations. These inter-trappean beds represent the lacustrine or fresh water formations deposited during the interval of time between the outpouring of two successive lava flows and are usually represented by clay or limestone beds and occasionally, sandstones.
Petrologically, the Deccan traps are mainly basalts which are generally uniform in composition and texture. They vary from dark grey to dark greenish grey and brownish to purple in colour, and are hard, compact, tough and medium to fine grained in texture with an average specific gravity of 2.9. This type generally forms the hill and plateau tops. The vesicular and amygdular varieties occupying the lower regions are comparatively soft, like quartz, calcite, varieties of zeolites and amorphous quartz as cavity fillings. Seoreaceous, tuffaceous and breccia beds and volcanic ash are not uncommon among this type of lavas. Porphyritic trap with phenoervsts of felspars is also noticed at places.
The chief mineral constituents of the basalts are labradorite and augite, the two forming the bulk of the rock. Volcanic glass which invariably alters to palagonite, chlorophaeite. etc.. and magnetite and titaniferous iron occur in minor proportions. Olivine is present in certain varieties of trap.
Laterite occurs extensively covering almost all the plateaux of the Western Ghats- and also in the north and central portions of the district. Although laterite is noticed at different elevations there are a few notable exceptions. For instance, north of Helvak the laterite is found at 8,400 feet above sea level while the 4,177 feet high plateau of the Pandavgad fort does not exhibit any laterite formation. Malcolm Peth plateau is no less than 4,710 feel above sea level and is completely capped by laterite.
Laterite rock is ferruginous, hard, massive and generally varies in colour from dark red to yellowish and dark brown to dirty brown. A typical laterite invariably shows a red and yellow mottled appearance exhibiting a vesicular and tubular structure with a dark brown limonitic coating. A freshly cut surface of the laterite bed is usually soft but becomes very hard and tough, on exposure to atmosphere. Most of the laterite beds in the district are categorised as ferruginous laterite or a very low-grade aluminous laterite. These are considered to have been formed by the chemical alteration of the underlyine traps by a process of concentration of iron, alumina and titanium oxides with the leaching out of silica and manganese. At places, as in the Panchgani plateau, the laterite is seen to pass downwards through a zone of lithomarge into an altered trap. The laterite deposits are considered to be sub-recent in geological age.
The laterite covered plateaux which hardly support any vegetation present a very desolate and dreary appearance in the summer months. The slopes or scarps generally support some vegetation. Accumulation of big massive, dislodged masses and blocks of laterite along the slopes and foot of the hills and ridges is a common feature in the Ghat section and at other places. The laterite, ultimately yields a red to reddish-brown ferruginous soil.
Kankar is noticed at different localities in the district, especially, in the areas covered by highly decomposed traps. It usually occurs in dry streams and nala sections or in the soil mantle covering the traps. Such kankar deposits are formed by concentration of the leached out calcareous solutions from the decomposed traps in the form of tabular and rounded nodules, concretions and lumps.
The trappean country is usually characterised by a rich and fertile black soil, generally called as Regur. It is highly argillaceous and somewhat calcareous in composition and very fine grained in texture. The soil is highly plastic when wet and develops numerous deep polygonal cracks on drying. At places, the soil is also loamy. A gradual transition from a highly weathered and decomposed, greyish-green, friable murum to reddish-brown and black soil is frequently seen in the field.